Crowd Disaster in Mina/Mecca on September 24, 2015
With great sadness I have learned about the crowd disaster in Mina, close to Mecca.
In response to media requests, I can say that I have not been involved in consultancy on Mina and Mecca for many years and that many things have been reorganized in the meantime.
Prof. Dirk Helbing
Further information can be found here:
- external pageSalon.com: In a big crowd, as at the hajj, danger can come on quicklycall_made
- external pageWired.com: The Hajj Stampede Is a Fluid Dynamics Problemcall_made
- external pageSpiegel.de: Massenpanik beim Hadsch: Mekka Forscher Dirk Helbing erklaert wie es zur Massenpanik kamcall_made
- external pageUni-Hamburg.de: Unfall im Mina-Tal, Saudi Arabiencall_made
- COSS.ethz.ch: The Dynamics of Crowd Disasters: An Empirical Study
Scientific literature related to the subject:
D. Helbing, A. Johansson (2010) Pedestrian, Crowd and Evacuation Dynamics. Encyclopedia of Complexity and Systems Science 16, 6476-6495.
A. Johansson, D. Helbing, H. Z. A-Abideen, and S. Al-Bosta (2008) external pageFrom crowd dynamics to crowd safety: A video-based analysiscall_made. Advances in Complex Systems 11(4), 497-527.
D. Helbing and P. Mukerji (2012) external pageCrowd disasters as systemic failures: Analysis of the Love Parade Disaster.call_made EPJ Data Science 2012, 1:7
D. Helbing, I. J. Farkás, P. Molnár, and T. Vicsek (2002) external pageSimulation of pedestrian crowds in normal and evacuation situations.call_made Pages 21-58 in: M. Schreckenberg and S. D. Sharma (eds.) external pagePedestrian and Evacuation Dynamicscall_made (Springer, Berlin).
D. Helbing, I. Farkas, and T. Vicsek (2000) external pageSimulating dynamical features of escape paniccall_made. Nature 407, 487-490.
M. Moussaïd, D. Helbing, and G. Theraulaz (2011) external pageHow simple rules determine pedestrian behavior and crowd disasterscall_made. PNAS 108 (17) 6884-6888.
D. Helbing, A. Johansson, J. Mathiesen, M.H. Jensen, and A. Hansen (2006) external pageAnalytical approach to continuous and intermittent bottleneck flows.call_made Physical Review Letters 97, 168001.
M. Moussaïd, N. Perozo, S. Garnier, D. Helbing, and G. Theraulaz (2010) external pageThe walking behaviour of pedestrian social groups and its impact on crowd dynamicscall_made. PLoS One 5(4), e10047.